• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Summary Transient-protective electrical conductor which consists of an inner core material and a sheath material arranged around it. The inner core material has better electrical conductivity than the outer sheath material. The two materials have electrical contact with each other over at least some of the mantle surface of the core material. the material can be used as a transient protection, to passively control current paths and as a low-pass filter. In a preferred embodiment, the jacket material consists of a ferromagnetic material. (fig- 1) 14
    公开号:SE1000133A1
    申请号:SE1000133
    申请日:2010-02-11
    公开日:2011-08-12
    发明作者:Sten Andreasson；Anders Larsson
    申请人:Totalfoersvarets Forskningsins；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The Invention The present invention is a transient protective electrical conductor that protects against both lead-borne and induced transients. It can replace ordinary leaders as it has the same performance and takes up insignificantly more space.
    When a current pulse propagates along a conductor, the current first travels in the surface layer and it takes time for the current to penetrate into the conductor, the phenomenon is called current narrowing. In the case of a transient, the current will therefore only travel in one surface layer of the conductor.
    Through material selection and dimensioning of the core and the sheath, a conductor can be constructed, which functions as an ordinary conductor under normal conditions, but which in the case of transients gives an extremely high resistance. The core of the transient protective electrical conductor can then be made of the same material as the ordinary conductor which it replaces.
    On the outside of this core another material with lower electrical conductivity is arranged.
    Core material and sheath material are in netallic contact with each other over the entire sheath surface of the core in the simplest embodiment. For the function, they do not need to have contact 10 15 _20 25 over the entire surface, it is enough that they only have partial contact. However, the contact must be at the beginning of the leader.
    The transient protective electrical conductor according to the invention also functions as a low-pass filter. High-frequency parts of a pulse are filtered out as high-frequency components of the current will go into the outermost layer of the conductor and there be converted into heat, by the resistance in the outer material being high.
    A general formula for the penetration depth island for the current in a conductor is given by the equation below. The penetration depth is calculated from the surface and inwards in the conductor: Where: o = electrical conductivity u0 = 4n * 104, a constant from the relative permeability of the material f = current frequency Example The frequency is often 50 Hz during normal operation. The lower frequency limit at which the conductor is to reduce the amplitude of is used as the frequency when calculating the current penetration depth. If the current used in a circuit is 50 Hz, then all frequencies above, for example, 100 Hz are completely uninteresting.
    The jacket that is to convert the transient to heat is made of steel. The penetration depth calculated from the surface and the minimum thickness of the jacket need is the value obtained if the following parameters are used: o = electrical conductivity of steel ll po ån * 10'7, a constant pr relative permeability of steel f = the minimum of the transient current frequency, 100 Hz The core radius is dimensioned in the same way as is done for ordinary electrical conductors. Iron or iron alloys, especially those with ferromagnetic properties, and copper or copper alloys are relatively inexpensive and can be used to advantage for the construction of electrical conductors with built-in transient protection / low-pass filter function.
    The sheath material can be applied to the core material by welding, rolling or other suitable method. If very thin layers are to be applied, electrolytic coating PVD (physical vapor deposition) or vapor phase deposition CVD (chemical vapor deposition) can also be used with several methods that allow for thin surface coatings. 10 15 20 25 List of figures and more detailed description of the invention Figure 1: Transient-protective electrical conductor according to the inventive concept, seen in perspective.
    Figure 2 Transient protective electrical flat conductor including two materials.
    Figure 3 Transient protective electric conductor according to the invention provided with a hollow channel in the middle of the inner material, the core material Figure 4 The current density as a function of the radius at a number of different frequencies in a transient protective electric conductor according to the invention.
    Figure 5 'shows how the resistance. R and the AC resistance frequency f of a transient protection wL depends on conductors provided with an electric sheath material of steel according to the invention, which is 0.1 mm thick.
    Figure 6 The resistance, R, as a function of the frequency, f, for different conductors with different dimensions of core and sheath.
    The outer surface (3) of the core material, hereinafter referred to only as the "outer surface (3)", is in electrical contact with the sheath material (2), at least at the beginning and end of the conduit. The simplest variant has metallic contact along the entire length of the conductor.
    Figure 1 shows the simplest basic embodiment of a round conductor according to the invention. Figure 1 shows the leader in perspective. The conductor includes two materials with electrical contact between them. The core material (1) constitutes the actual conductor in which most of the current will flow under normal current conditions. The outer jacket material (2), which in a preferred embodiment consists of a ferromagnetic material, will under normal current conditions conduct only a very small part of the current. In the case of transients, the current will be displaced out into the outer layer of the conductor, the outer sheath material (2) and there converted into heat. The outer surface (3) of the core material consists of the surfaces between the core material (1) and the jacket material (2).
    Figure 2 shows a flat * embodiment of the transient-protective electrical conductor. In the case of a flat conductor, the current displacement effect is used in the same way as in the case of a round conductor, but with the difference that side surfaces (4) are not coated with the sheath material (2) of the flat conductor. The side surfaces (4) are dashed in Figure 2. The flat conductor is assumed to be so wide (b) and long (1) in relation to its thickness (t) that no account is taken of the part of the current which will pass through the side surfaces (4) are taken as they form only a very small part of an outer surface of the conductor. The flat conductor is especially useful on circuit boards.
    Figure 3 shows a tubular conductor. The conductor is in its reach provided with a hollow channel (5). The channel consists of a cavity which extends along the conductor centrally arranged in the core material (1). Wires with an empty channel in the middle are used to avoid corona effects at very high voltages. The line can also be cooled by conducting a cooling medium inside the line. This type of conductor can be designed with built-in transient protection according to the inventive idea in that it is ultimately provided with a sheath material (2) on the same. method as a solid conductor according to the invention.
    The core material (1) is placed on the inside and the jacket material (2) on the outside. In the middle of the conductor runs a hollow channel (5) which can be used to lead a cooling medium into.
    Figure 4 shows the current density as a function of radial position in a conductor according to the invention at different frequencies. The radius R = 0 is the center of the conductor and at 5 mm from the center is the boundary between the core material (1) and the sheath material (2).
    From the figure it can be seen that at direct current, virtually the entire amount of current will go into the core material of the conductor (1). the core material (1) and At the transition between the jacket material (2), the outer surface (3), a sharp decrease in current density is seen, most clearly for direct current. The decrease is due to the fact that the steel sheath material (2) has poorer conductivity than the copper core material (1). At 20 Hz, the current density is lower than at direct voltage in the core material (1) but slightly higher in the jacket material (2). This is because the current distribution at AC voltage depends on the penetration depth which depends on the frequency f. At the higher frequency the penetration depth in the conductor decreases more and more.
    The conductor in the calculations consists of a core material (1) which consists of copper with a radius of 5 mm and a jacket material (2) which consists of 1 mm steel.
    Figure 5 shows how the resistance R and the AC resistance wll depend on the frequency f of a transient protective electrical conductor which comprises a core material (1) of copper and with a sheath material (2) of steel, which sheath material is 0.1 mm thick, The outer of the transient protective electrical conductor radius is 6 mm. Too high frequencies approach the resistance R and the AC resistance mL asymptotically. The resistance absorbs energy, which is consumed from the transient. The AC resistance affects the rise time of the pulse so that it becomes slower and the amplitude of the current decreases. radius and material, the cut-off frequency at which the AC resistor begins to attenuate interference can be adjusted to the operating frequency so that the normal transmission is not affected.
    Figure 6 shows how the resistance R depends on the frequency f for some sheathed and unsheathed conductors (all with 6 mm outer radius). The solid copper conductor has a constant resistance R up to about 200 Hz. In addition, its resistance R increases by about 3 times per decade. The solid steel conductor has 10 times higher DC resistance, which is constant up to about 2 Hz and above increases by about 3 times per decade. The steel-sheathed copper conductor from Figure 2, the sheath thickness h = 1 mm, has a DC resistance close to the solid copper conductor, which is constant up to about 2 Hz. In addition, the resistance R increases almost 20 times per decade until it connects to the increase in resistance which is on the solid steel conductor 3 times per decade. This results in a faster transition to higher resistance R than for a homogeneous conductor. With a thinner steel sheath that has a thickness h = 0.1 mm and a thickness} 1 = 0.0l mm, respectively, the breaking point is moved towards higher frequencies. The figure illustrates that it is possible to influence the cut-off frequency with the aid of the thickness of the jacket material (2).
    In the calculations on which the graphs in the figures are based, the following constants have been used: acu = 5.99 -107 pa, = 1.67-1o ** S / m (alt Qm), 10 15 / JrCu = 1 I _ _ 6 _ _ 4 am, -6,25 10 s / m (alt pm, -16 10 Qm) I: urstål = In the calculations, the current was assumed to be less than the saturation current for iron, ie the current at which steel _> 1. Further it has been assumed that the current is not distributed between the core material and the jacket material.
    The electrical conductor according to the present invention can, in addition to acting as a transient protection and low-pass filter, be adapted to passively control a current path.
    At a certain current, the current will mainly pass through the core material (2) and at a transient pass through another part of the conductor. The transient pulse can be conducted off from the transient protective conductor and further another path.
    The transients can then be separated from the "basic current" in a circuit, for example a wiring network, and registered both in size and number. 10
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    An electrical conductor comprising an electrically conductive sheath material (2) and an electrically conductive core material (1) is characterized in that said sheath material (2) is at least partially enclosing and at least partially provided with electrical contact to an outer surface (3) of said core material. (1) and that the jacket material (2) and the core material Wï1) are selected so that the electrical conductivity of the jacket material (2) is lower than that of the core material (1) and that the thickness of the jacket material (2) is at least the penetration depth of the jacket material the conductor must protect against, whereby a transient-protective electrical conductor is obtained.
    [2]
    Electrical conductor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the core material (2) on the entire outer surface (3) is in electrical contact with the jacket material (1).
    [3]
    3. An electrical conductor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket material (2) consists of a ferromagnetic material. 11 10 15
    [4]
    An electrical conductor according to any one of the preceding claims may be characterized in that the core material (1) consists of copper or a copper alloy.
    [5]
    Electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core material (1) is provided with a hollow channel (5) running along the conductor, centrally arranged in the core material (2).
    [6]
    Electrical conductor according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is a flat conductor which consists of three layers, the first of which consists of the sheath material (2) and the second of core material (1) and the third of the sheath material (2). ).
    [7]
    7.. Circuit boards are characterized in that they include transient protective electrical conductors according to the preceding claim 6. 12 10
    [8]
    Electrical conductor according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the minimum thickness of the jacket material (2) is calculated according to the formula o = electrical conductivity of the jacket material p0 = 4n * 10J, a constant pr = relative permeability of the jacket material (2) f = the lowest frequency from which the current amplitude is to be reduced. 13
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE534564C2|2011-10-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2014-09-30| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1000133A|SE534564C2|2010-02-11|2010-02-11|Transient protective electrical conductor|SE1000133A| SE534564C2|2010-02-11|2010-02-11|Transient protective electrical conductor|
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